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GENERAL KNOWLEDGE pt. II

• WHAT IS THE twinge?

Columns used for construction have a certain value called the crushing or buckling load loadthe during which the column bends or loops, but does not break. The actual length of the column is the length of an equivalent column of the same material and cross sectional area with hinged ends and having the value of the crippling burden equal to that of the column. The minimum radius of gyration is the radius of gyration where every moment of inertia is considered. The report of the effective length radius of gyration is less known as the slenderness of the column.

• WHAT IS SPECIAL ABOUT temple square?

The Square du Temple in Utah is very religious place for members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Saints Latter Days. It's symbolic of the holy orders or agreements that take place for Mormons, the Gospel of Jesus is not complete without the temples of the Temple Square is special because it recalls the sacrifices by Mormon pioneers who had built. It is also the seat of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

• Who discovered the rings of Saturn?

Christian Huygens, Dutch physicist and astronomer, has discovered that Saturn has rings. He also discovered Titan, Saturn's moon.

• IS IS THERE A MAGNET FOR A SINGLE POLE?

Magnets found in nature and those made by man, are found to have two poles, without exception. In contrast, electrical charges can be separated from each other. Several experiments to detect magnetic monopoles have been conclusive.

• WHEN THE FLIGHT BALLOON first manned flight took place?

In the eighteenth century, twice Later in the French paper makers, the brothers of Mount golfer, began experimenting with hot air balloons. On October 15, 1783, a French scientist, Francois de Rozier became the first person to make a balloon ascent. It rose to a height of 80 feet in a balloon made by golfers Mont.

• What is VSAT acronym?

VSAT stands for Very Small Aperture Terminal. VSAT nodes are networked, using an antenna directed towards a geostationary satellite. VSAT technology is used for transmission of information and is extremely popular in banking and financial services, manufacturing and Multisided linking government offices.

• OFBUCKYBALLS HAVE YOU HEARD?

Buck balls are microscopic spheres of 60 carbon atoms resembling a dome. They have holes large enough to contain other atoms – the same molecules text. If it is not heated to very high content of cavities does not leave. This has enormous potential in the fields of medicine, miniature mechanical, battery technology and high quality materials.

• WHAT IS "nuclear winter"?

"Nuclear Winter" is used to describe the consequences of a nuclear explosion, due to a nuclear war or nuclear accident. The impact of this explosion would be as devastating as no measurable quantities of dust and smoke is released into the stratosphere. This block of solar energy reaching the earth's surface, reducing the temperature. The duration of this effect would be determined by the intensity of the explosion. "Nuclear Winter" would threaten the existence of life on Earth.

• HOW DOES A GAS lighter work?

Some crystalline materials (like quartz, | Rochelle salt and some ceramics) have piezoelectric behavior. When you squeeze them, you get a charge separation in the crystal and a voltage through the crystal that is sometimes very high. For example, in a barbecue lighter, the popping noise you hear is a little spring-loaded hammer hitting a crystal and generating thousands of volts across the crystal faces. At this high voltage is identical to the voltage that causes a spark plug in a gasoline engine. The crystal voltage can generate a spark that ignites the gas in Nice barbecue.

• HOW DOES A PILOT TO KNOW THE route to a destination it flies?

Pilots rely heavily on computerized controls and with using the autopilot and the management computer flight, fly the plane along their planned route. They are monitored by the control air traffic "stations they pass along the road. They regularly check their fuel supply, the condition of their engines and air conditioning, hydraulic and other systems. Pilots mai request a change in altitude or route if circumstances dictate.

• WHAT KIND OF HEALING DID Dr Edward Bach pioneered?

Dr. Edward Bach developed a kind of healing therapy called flower remedy. This treats the events primarily mental and emotional illness, based on the administration of medicines from the part of the flowering plants. Dr. Bach considered the use of 38 Total sufficient to deal with negative moods most common that afflict humanity. After his death, many remedies have been added and the total now exceeds 200. He said that the appeals were divinely rich.

• Why do people feel the air is fresh after the rain?

Population lives in cities like Mumbai, Delhi and Bangalore are related to the impression that the air is fresh after the first heavy showers of the monsoon. Because the cradles come down from heaven, as gas sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, etc. These monsoon showers first, however, affect many newly planted saplings in these cities.

• The filament of a light bulb is heated to very high temperatures. HOW COME IT DOES NOT bum?

The filament does not burn, because the bulb is filled with inert gas such as argon and nitrogen. Oxygen is required for any burning.

• WHAT are the asteroids?

• Who invented the bicycle?

The first known patent for a machine that resembles a bicycle was Theson entrusted to Jean in 1645. It had four wheels and was led by two men. The first two-wheeled machine was invented by a French, Baron Karl de Drais (Baron von Drais) in 1818. But it does not. What was taken on the bicycle, invented by a blacksmith, Kirkpatrick Macmillan of Scotland.

• How forests help prevent flooding?

A main reason for flooding is erosion soils of the area near the banks of THD

River. The forests have a dense cluster of trees. Tree roots hold the soil and prevent erosion. It is therefore important that the trees should not be cut indiscriminately, especially near river banks.

• DO volcanic explosions and earthquakes occur INSIDE OCEANS too?

The waves that we see in the seas and oceans are mainly caused by air currents. The size of waves depends on wind speed and for how long the wind has stopped blowing. And the ebb tides are caused by the attraction of the moon (and to some extent, the attraction of the sun) on the water. Powerful waves like tsunamis are caused by earthquakes subsurface water in the seas and oceans.

• WHAT is the viscosity?

The Viscosity is a property seen in the fluid that offers resistance to a body moving through them. This is equivalent to friction. Each Once a body falls through a viscous fluid, it reaches a terminal velocity or uniform speed due to the viscous force which balances gravity.

• WHY IS IT THAT WE CAN MORE EASILY WALK ON WET sand on dry sand?

You come across Newton's laws of motion? Everyone goes into a state of rest or uniform dynamic, unless forced to do otherwise impressed by (External) strength. Walking is possible because the ground we walk offers some resistance. Assuming that the resistance is zero, the foot is placed forward will continue forward and you'll fall. Even the dry sand offers some resistance. Therefore you can walk on it, if you're careful. Wet sand offers more resistance so you can walk more easily on the wet sand.

• WHAT IS A retro-rocket?

Newton's first law of motion governing a spacecraft traveling in space: He continues to travel at a uniform speed. Since there is no reaction in space, a retro-rocket fired in the opposite direction of motion, reduces the speed of the spacecraft.

• WHAT TORQUEWRENCH THAT?

• A Otolaryngologist is a physician. What SPECIALIST IN it?

An otolaryngology is a physician who specializes in problems of the ear, nose and throat (ENT). Myocardial infarction is the technical term for …? One is the application of liquid nitrogen to destroy the warts.

• What is the factor WIND CHILL?

Wind chill is the rate of loss of body heat due to movement air. In plain language, a strong wind can make it much colder than room temperature. Paul Siple coined the term in 1939 during an expedition Antarctica.

• WHAT is eutrophication?

The process by which water becomes fed either by the natural process of maturation or artificial processes.

• WHAT IS A DIAMOND MADE OF?

A 100 million tears ago, when the Earth was cooling carbon deposits have been exposed to extreme heat and pressure by molten rock. These deposits to form crystalline diamond mines. Incidentally, the diamond is the hardest material known to mankind. If yes, so how is the diamond size in different forms for use in jewelry? Saws with diamond cut diamond dust. More than 80 percent of diamonds are used in the industry itself.

• WHAT IS A RE-USE?

Whenever the return of a spacecraft to land, he encounters enormous friction of the atmosphere that generates heat. To ensure the safety of astronauts and the unit cost, the spacecraft is safe by using a material resistant to heat. Scientists the former Soviet Union were the first to deploy a new vehicle entrance with success in the sixties.

• WHAT What is ozone?

Ozone is the allotropic form of oxygen. It is used in the water purification and treatment of gangrene. Its presence in the upper atmosphere is critical because it absorbs ultra violet energetic. Industrial and automobile pollution has caused the depletion of this life-saving molecule and is a cause for concern among environmental scientists.

• WHAT hydroponics?

Hydroponics is often defined as the cultivation of plants in water. Since many aggregates or media for plant growth favor the definition has been expanded to read the cultivation of plants without Soil Growers use hydroponic techniques due to lack of water supply or fertile farmland. Home gardeners have used for grow vegetables around the year and grow plants in small spaces. Greenhouses and nurseries grow their plants in a mixture without earth, peat or bark-based growth.

• WHAT TIME IS SIDEREAL?

A sidereal year is the time it takes the sun to move from a position relative to a fixed star and back to the same position again, as observed in the same place on Earth. It is equivalent to 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes and 11 seconds.

• WHY THE BALL IS CALLED POOR SATELLITE man?

Unlike hot air balloons, which are used in sports, hydrogen is completed used for scientific, metrological and military. They can carry payloads of several tons. They are widely used for astronomical observations, in particular to study X-ray emission of stars.

• WHAT CORIOLIS FORCE?

Whenever a body moves on a circular path, it experiences centripetal force toward the center of the circle. If you walk into a bus that takes a turn, acts of an additional force on you. It is called the Coriolis force, a force that comes from two simultaneous movements of one body.

• WHO IS THE FATHER OF GAS lamps filled?

Irving Langmuir studied the chemical reactions at high temperature and low pressure. One outcome of this research was the development of gas filled lamps.

• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ONE AND ONE ATOMIC POWER BOMB9

Nuclear bombs are of two types – those that depend on fission, such as atomic bombs, and those who depend fusion, such as hydrogen bombs. The former derive their explosive energy from the splitting of atoms in materials such as uranium or plutonium which takes place automatically. On the other hand, hydrogen bombs, which are also known as thermonuclear bombs, depending on the fusion of atoms and, as taking place in our sun, to release much larger quantities of energy than atomic bombs. Fusion requires temperatures very high; atomic bombs are generally used as triggers for hydrogen bombs. Thus, each atom bomb is a bomb nuclear, but every nuclear bomb is not an atomic bomb.

• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE HURRICANE, Hurricane, Tornado and Twister?

Technically, a cyclone is a kind of circular wind storm. But now it is only used to describe a tropical species strong storm off the coast of India. Hurricanes and typhoons are the same thing but in different places. On the coast Florida, it is called hurricane. In the Philippines it is called typhoon. Hurricanes occur in the Atlantic and typhoons in the Pacific. Basically, hurricanes and typhoons form over water and are huge, while tornados form over land and are much smaller in size. A tornado is a violent windstorm characterized by a twisting motion, cloud-shaped funnel. In the United States, Twister is used as a colloquial term for tornado AA.

• WHEN DOES resonance occur?

Resonance occurs when two or more objects naturally vibrate at the same frequency and the sound produced by an object causes the other to vibrate. String columns or air tuned to vibrate in response to specific frequencies in the generation of music. Resonance can be destructive too. The manufacture of individual pieces can resonate damage Bridges. This occurs when a wind or a military convoy passes over mechanized.

• DO YOU KNOW IF THE ANTI PARTICLES Clash?

Each elementary particle is known to have a particle with anti opposite. Whenever the two meet, they annihilate each other in energy and give twice the mass of the particles.

• Who discovered the piezoelectric effect?

Modern kitchens are fitted with piezo lighters. Certain substances produce current when subjected to pressure. Pierre Curie, Marie's husband and co-discoverer of radium, was the one who discovered piezoelectricity.

• WHAT Inertia?

1. It is owned by a body to remain in a state of rest or uniform motion unless requested by an external agency. It is believed that the mass of a body is the total measure of its inertia. Scientists are conducting experiments to distinguish between human inertial and gravitational mass.

• Who designed the precise nature of planetary motion?

Johannes Kepler, German astronomer, developed the main laws of planetary motion. After 17 years of observation, Kepler found that orbits of planets around the sun are ellipses and not circles.

• Why are quarks IMPORTANT?

"Three quarks for collecting brand," said James Joyce. Indeed, three quarks combine to form nucleons: protons and neutrons that make up the core Atomic. Quarks are considered the basic components of matter.

• WHERE ARE transuranic elements found?

Transuranic elements are not found in nature but were created artificially in the laboratory. They represent atomic numbers 93 to 109, mentioned after the last stable element, uranium.

• WHAT IS THE NAME OF RELATED Broglie A wavelength?

1. In modern physics, wave-particle duality of the microscopic world continues to fight the science. Light is made of waves but can also be described as consisting of tiny particles called photons. A subatomic particle can be described as having properties of waves. De Broglie, French physicist, was the first to give a formula for the "wavelength" of the particle.

• WHY THE ROBOT is called so?

The word comes from the "Robota7 Slavic, meaning work required. Robots are used in hazardous environments. Now robots have also been fueled by intelligence artificial.

• WHAT PARAFILAX?

1. Parallax is the apparent displacement of a astronomical object due to the change in the field observers. The very fact that we observe the stars from the surface of the earth instead of its center causes parallax any heliocentric geocentric parallax occurs because the observation is made from the earth and not the sun. Of modern photography, the term is used to describe the difference between the view of an object through the lens of the camera and viewed through a separate viewfinder.

• WHICH IS THE LARGEST CENTER OF MISSILE TESTS IN THE WORLD?

Poker Flat Research Range (PFRR) are the largest land, the world based on the range rocket. It has a chain of downrange flight monitoring, observation stations and recovery within Alaska to Spitzbergen in the Arctic Ocean. Poker Flat is a survey facility Rocket 30 miles north of Fairbanks used for auroral and environment for research into the upper atmosphere. The Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, he operates.

• How forests help prevent flooding?

A main reason for flooding is erosion soil zone near the banks of the River. F'orests have a dense cluster of trees. The tree roots to hold soil and prevent erosion. It is therefore important that the trees should not be cut indiscriminately, especially near river banks.

• WHY NOBEL PRIZES ARE GIVEN IN NORWAY AND NOT IN ANY OTHER COUNTRY?

The Nobel Prize was founded by Alfred Nobel, Norwegian chemist, engineer and industrialist.

• WHY IS little space between the rails on the track?

You must have learned at school that heat expands and cold contracts. This means that, due to the heat, all organs of the expansion. (There are rare EXFOR this expansion, some space is left between the rails.

• HOW IS THE INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING THE INTENSITY EARTHQUAKES calibrated?

`The Richter Scale is used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake ground. Magnitude is a measure of the size of an earthquake, but rather than being a direct measure of the intensity of ground shaking, it is a reflection of the strength of seismic sound waves emitted by the earthquake, a phenomenon that can be detected at great distances from the epicenter earthquake. Because an earthquake magnitude can be determined only

by routine measurements performed by the seismometers, the scale has become an important routinely recorded on the seismograms. The scale is logarithmic – this means that the factor-of-10 energy difference real earthquake corresponds to a difference of an integer scale.

• WHAT ARE SUNSPOTS?

The dark spots on the sun's surface are called sunspots. These areas are places sudden changes of magnetic environment or "Magnetic storms". They appear darker in contrast to surrounding areas, hence the name.

• WHY IS A TRACTOR EXHAUST PIPE FOR HIGH BENT?

As the exhaust of an automobile are hot and tend to increase up, a pipe upward bending is the most natural, hi a tractor, the driver's seat is directly behind the engine and usually open. Thus, a back-bending of an exhaust pipe lay the exhaust directly at the driver. The rear of a tractor is broader than its engine. Even an exhaust pipe on the folded side will have the same effect. As an agricultural tractor has various accessories and a trailer, the exhaust pipe can not be extended after its tires from below chassis. A tractor works primarily on uneven ground that could damage an exhaust pipe protruding downward from the chassis.

• WHAT CELL FUEL TECHNOLOGY?

Fuel cell technology uses a fuel cell, a device for converting energy electrochemical. A fuel cell converts hydrogen and oxygen into water, and in the process it produces electricity with a fuel cell, chemicals constantly flow into the cell so it never goes dead – as long as there is a flow of chemicals in the cell, the electricity flows out of the cell. Most fuel cells today use hydrogen and oxygen as chemicals.

• WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF DELAY IN SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS?

Communications satellites are usually geosynchronous. In other words, these satellites have the same orbital period as the Earth – 24 hours. To achieve this, the satellite launch at an altitude of 36,000 kms of land. The messages, sent through radio waves, this distance travel back and forth. Radio waves are transmitted at the speed light, about 3 lakh km per second. Therefore, approximately one quarter of a second is lost in traversing the distance between Earth and satellite.

• What contribution DID LUIS ALVAREZ MAKE to modern science?

The American physicist has developed linear accelerator in 1946 for which he won the Nobel Prize in 1968. He and his son, Walter, first proposed that mass extinctions around Jurassic – including the dinosaurs, was caused by the impact of a large space object.

• WHAT CAVING?

It is the science that studies and studies caves beneath the surface of the earth.

• WHAT wave-particle duality?

In classical physics, all physical phenomena of light, viz. reflection from a glass surface, refraction through a prism, interference when two or more sources of light were gathered and diffraction, the bending of light along the edge of an object, could be explained by the wave theory. But this description does not consider the microscopic world. In modern physics, light is made of discrete packets of energy.

• WHAT IS THE Faraday cage?

The Faraday cage also known as a Faraday shield or screen, is a son of network connected parallel to a common conductor to one end to provide electrostatic protection without affecting the electromagnetic waves. The common conductor is usually the earth. It reduces an electrostatic field, designed to prevent the passage of electromagnetic waves, either containing or excluding them from its interior. It is named after physicist Michael Faraday, who built the first in 1836.

• WHAT is an unmanned aircraft?

A plane without pilot generally (MAV micro air vehicle), is one that is programmed to go somewhere or do something himself, or an aircraft is controlled remotely piloted from ground. Most unmanned aircraft are rather small. Unmanned aircraft used for hazardous work, such as espionage or to explore new places with a camera that transmits data to Earth. They can be very useful as many are killed or accident, thus saving the life of a real driver.

• WHERE IS FIRST IN INDIA FOR THE CENTRAL ELECTRICITY it located?

Station 4-5 megawatts of hydropower Sivasamudram falls near the Cauvery in Karnataka was the first major power plant in India. Owned by a small number of British companies, was established by General Electric of the United States. It was commissioned in 1902, and its output was mainly directed at the gold mines of Kolar, located about 90 miles away many smaller plants Electric began operating earlier in different parts of India. The first mini-hydro-electric plant of 130 kilowatts, began operation in 1897 at Darjeeling.

• WHY IS THE HOTTEST PLANET VENUS EVEN IF MERCURY IS CLOSER TO THE SUN?

The degree of heat of a planet depend as much on the proximity to the Sun than its atmosphere. Carbon dioxide tends to absorb heat, which in turn increases the temperature. Atmosphere of Mercury does not contain carbon dioxide (because of which all the heat is reflected back to space). Venus contains a high percentage of carbon dioxide due to which she is the hottest planet.

• It IS true that the desert Sahara DEVELOPED IN HALF-mile south of each year?

In the 1970s and 1980s, it was reported that the Sahara was expanding southward at a speed of 5 km per year. But during the last decade USAs NOAA weather satellites has been observed that this "desertification" was a myth. It is not as bad as previously suspected. The deserts reflect much incoming solar radiation over the ground vegetation (on days without clouds). Satellites measure the radiation reflected in everyday life, from which the type of land cover or greenness can be inferred. Analysis of these data for several years, it was observed that the Sahara was not expanding.

• IS TRUE THAT THE SAHARA desert stretches half a MILE SOUTH each year?

It is true that the Sahara desert is expanding, but not just half a mile. It extends to a speed of 30 miles to the south a year! His stretch is engulfing degraded grasslands. Because of the extreme heat, the vegetation of the area is endangered, leading to more desertification. Thus, each year the area the Sahara desert is growing, and scientists working on methods to stop or reduce the rapid change. They say that if this continues, all Africa will turn into a desert one day. Global warming is also a major threat in the expansion of the Sahara.

• WHICH IS THE SMALLEST IN-atomic particle?

The smallest particle is the quark, the base unit of hadrons. There are two types of hadrons: baryons (three quarks) and mesons (quark, an antiquark). Protons and neutrons are stable baryons. There are also leptons, a family of elementary particles which includes electrons, muons, Tauon, and neutrinos. Neutrinos were originally believed to have zero mass, but they were judged to have a mass very small, smaller than any subatomic particle. Calling someone "a head of hadrons is considered an insult among physicists.

• WHAT IS Kuiper Belt?

The Kuiper Belt is a disk-shaped belt of billions of small icy bodies orbiting the Sun beyond the orbit of Neptune, mostly at distances of 30-50 times the distance of Earth from the Sun. Computer Simulations modern display the Kuiper belt to have been strongly influenced by Jupiter and Neptune.

• WHAT IS NUCLEAR WINTER IS '?

The nuclear winter theory, proposed by scientists in 1983 and later on the principles established by the U.S. National Research Council in 1984, stipulates that if only half of the collective nuclear weapons in Russia and the U.S. did not explode, they would release enormous quantity Such dust, smoke and soot in the atmosphere that the sun would be completely blocked. This will continue until these clouds constant and therefore the Earth's temperature would fall, creating a period of abnormal cold and darkness. A nuclear winter also considers likely after a nuclear war. Essential life processes such as photosynthesis would also fatally affected endangering plant and animal life.

• WHY IS A TRACTOR'S EXHAUST PIPE BENT UP?

As the exhaust of an automobile are hot and tend to grow up, a pipe upward bending is the most natural form, Hi tractor, the driver's seat is directly behind the engine and generally open. Thus, a back-bending pipe exhaust lay the exhaust directly at the driver. The rear of a tractor is wider than its engine. Even an exhaust pipe on the folded side will have the same effect. As an agricultural tractor has various accessories and a trailer, the exhaust pipe can not be extended behind his rear tires out from under its chassis. A tractor works primarily on terrain that can damage an exhaust pipe projecting down from the chassis.

• WHAT FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY?

The cell technology fuel use the fuel cell, a device for electrochemical energy conversion. A fuel cell converts hydrogen and oxygen water, and in the process it produces electricity with a fuel cell, chemicals constantly flow into the cell so that never goes dead – as long as there is a flow of chemicals into the cell, electricity flows out of the cell. Most fuel cells in the use of hydrogen and oxygen are now using the chemicals.

• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE IRON AND STEEL?

The difference is the percentage of carbon, the main alloying element. These irons containing less than 2% of carbon are known as steels while those containing more than 2% of carbon are known as pig iron. Pig iron is obtained from pre iron CPU utilization of coke in a blast furnace. This melt is then processed to reduce the carbon content in different furnaces for steel. These steels can be processed to obtain alloy steels, stainless steels by adding elements such as silicon, manganese, chromium, nickel, etc.

• WHAT IS THE CRUSH AND HOW DEEP IS measured?

Crush collapse or depth is the submerged depth of the ocean from which a submarine will collapse due to the surrounding water pressure. The hull of a submarine is normally made of steel or steel alloys to increase the depth of diving submarines. This is normally calculated mathematically, but it is not always accurate.

• WHAT M-theory?

String theory is currently a candidate most promising for a unified theory. It describes the free particles as vibrations of the strings in space and solves the problem of

incompatibility of these two fundamental theories (GR & QTF). There are, however, five different string theories. The M-theory is a theory that all five string theories are only different aspects. The M-Theory is a 11-dimensional theory that looks 10 dimensional at points in its parameter space. Such a theory could have as primary goal of a membrane as opposed to a string.

• WHAT ARE Milankovitch cycles?

The Pleistocene period in the history of the Earth, 1.8 million years there are about 10,000 years, has undergone profound changes in the Earth's climate, characterized by repeated glacial and interglacial events. There was up to 30 glacial intervals during this period. Milutin Milankovitch, a Serbian mathematician and astronomer, calculated in 1930 that the parameters the orbit of the Earth has changed with the frequency of about 1,000,00 20,000 years. These factors are responsible for changes in solar radiation received surface causing glacial interglacial climate change. Exploring the ocean floor since the 1960s has indeed found frequencies above and Milankovitch proved right.

• WHAT ARE Milankovitch cycles?

Astronomer Milutin Milankovitch developed the mathematical formulas on which the orbital variations are based. It is assumed that when certain parts of cyclic variations are combined and occur simultaneously, they are responsible for major changes in Earth's climate (even ice ages). A study 1976, published in the journal Science examining sediment cores from deep water and found that the theory corresponded to Milankovich periods of climate change. Indeed, glacial periods have occurred when the Earth passes through different stages of orbital variation.

No. WHEN WAS THE FIRST LAUNCH OF THE SPACE SHUTTLE?

The first space shuttle Columbia was launched into space April 12, 1981 and landed on Edward Force Base Air, California, April 14, 1981. Officially, he called the Space Transportation System (STS) and has been the first reusable spacecraft. These shuttles carry payloads for scientific experiments, etc.

• WHICH Place On Earth has never received a rainfall?

The Atacama Desert, located between the Pacific Ocean and the Cordillera Andes of northern Chile has not seen rain in its recorded history together. Composed of salt

basins, sand and lava flows, it lacks vegetation or animal life. The landscape is desolate

and lunar and was used to simulate the surface of the moon in some experiments. Quillagua weather station located in the desert has registered an average annual rainfall of only 0.5 mm during 1964-2001.

• WHAT are CFCs? HOW ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR Depletion of the ozone layer?

Is there an ozone layer in the area of 10 km to 50 kilometers above the surface of the earth. The ozone layer protects life on earth against harmful ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. CFC stands for chlorofluorocarbons used in refrigeration, air conditioning, aerosols, etc. When these gases rise into the atmosphere and reach the ozone layer, they destroy. Over the last decade, in particular, the debate took place again and again on this issue and steps have been taken to rectify the situation. Many nations have agreed to discontinue the use and production of chloro-fluoro-carbons in for refrigeration or air conditioning.

• I read that the sun will become a GIANT RED after consuming ITS SUPPLY HYDROGEN. WHAT HAPPEN TO THE STAGE AFTER The sun?

YES, according to astronomers, the sun is about 5 billion years old, It is expected that the mil Sun consume all the hydrogen in it and become a red giant. It will be so big then it will still swallow the planets around him. Then there will be nuclear reactions, involving the vast supply of helium in it (formed from hydrogen) and elements heavier. Therefore it will become a white dwarf, a star of small radius. It is estimated that the radius will be hundred times smaller than the current radius. Slowly, she loses its brightness and become a black dwarf. But do not worry anymore. It will take at least five billion years for that to happen.

• DIAMOND AND COAL ARE BOTH OF CARBON. So why only DIAMOND SHINE?

Diamond is carbon in its pure form and consists of a single element as coal. But there is a difference. Diamonds are formed at locations at least 120 km beneath the surface of the earth under the enormous pressure of the rocks and the crust above them. It is true that diamonds were found in levels higher than this, beneath the surface of the earth. But we think they also have been originally formed at depth below and moved to points higher due to soil erosion or the action of glaciers. There are diamonds in black too. They are not used as "precious stones, but they are useful for cutting tools in the industry.

• What between Earth and Mars?

Surrounding the Earth's atmosphere. Then there is space. There yet, as your approaches Mars, it must pass through the atmosphere around Mars. Unlike the Moon, Mars has an atmosphere.

• What is the alternative to oil? Where are we going to REQUIREMENTS OF OUR ENERGY When the oil resources are exhausted?

Described above is one such resource: solar energy. Cars that run ^ on batteries charged by exposure to sunlight, are already. You should be aware that nuclear reactors are also established around the world. Many scientists have expressed the possibility using hydrogen as fuel. We are yet to find an inexpensive way to separate hydrogen from water, which has two atoms of hydrogen and one oxygen atom in its molecule. In Holland and Denmark, the power is produced from windmills. In countries like. Japan, energy is produced on a small scale from tidal waves. Hopefully the next generation to learn meet its power needs.

• WHY THERE IS NO GRAVITY IN FORCE ON THE MOON?

The moon has gravity too. The gravitational force exerted by a body depends on its mass. The gravitational pull of the Moon is about one sixth the gravitational force earth.

• WHAT IS THE MACH NUMBER?

The Mach number, aerodynamics and fluid mechanics, is the ratio between the speed of an object by a fluid (gas or liquid) at the speed of sound in the fluid. The Mach number is named after the physicist and Austrian philosopher Ernst Mach. An airplane traveling at less than Mach 1 is traveling at subsonic speeds to about Mach 1, transonic, or about the speed of sound, and greater than Mach 1 at supersonic speeds.

• WHAT IS A Mach number?

• What is the Chandrashekar limit?

The maximum limit of 1.44 times the solar mass (sun or mass) of a star end its life as a white dwarf star, known as the Chandrashekar limit. This is the basic principle for determining the future of a star after the red giant phase. The star with a mass more than 1.44 times the mass of the sun pass through supernova explosions and the end of their life as neutron stars or black holes. This limit was discovered by the Indian astrophysicist S

Chandrashekar and therefore it was named after him.

o What is PLANETARY ALBEDO?

Planetary albedo is the fraction of incident light reflected by a surface. A shiny surface, like ice or snow has a very high albedo (near 1, representing a total reflection), while dark surface, such as coal or soot, are very low. albedo (near 0, representing complete absorption). In the solar system, moon a surface, the bare rocks, has an average albedo of 0.12 (reflects 12 percent of light striking). The Earth, which is partially covered with clouds, has an average albedo of 0.37, while the albedo of Venus, which is completely covered with clouds, is O.65.

• WHAT IS THE limit Chandrasekhar?

In the 1930s, Subramanya Chandrasekhar, now recognized as the founder of relativistic astrophysics, address the important question: What happens to a star, once it has burned all its nuclear fuel? Chadrasekhar response is that it depends on the nuclear mass burned behind. If the mass of this kernel (attention, not the mass of the star that shines) is less than 1.4 times the mass of the Sun, the kernel will retire as a white dwarf star. Immediately above this limit, eg up to three times the mass solar base will become a neutron star. If the mass of the nucleus is even higher, a black hole is formed. In a Regular Shining Star, the force of gravity is balanced by nuclear reactions. In white dwarfs and neutron stars, quantum forces complex. In a black hole, gravity dominates. For this pioneering work late Chandrasekhar received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1983.

• HOW MANY PEOPLE HAVE foot on the moon?

Only twelve people have walked the moon oh, each on one mission. Nobody walked on the lunar surface since 1972. The astronauts are lucky: Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin, Charles Conrad, Alan Bean, Alan Shepard, Edgar Mitchell, David Scott, James Irwin, John Young, Charles Duke, Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt.

• Is a radius VISIBLE LIGHT IN THE VACUUM?

No, the light rays can not be viewed in a vacuum. When a ray of light enters a dark room through an opening closed, light is scattered by dust particles suspended in the air and so we see the path radius In fact, we see the dust particles falling substance that can disperse light. This explains the dark space although there are many sources of light. We can see that the light sources and objects, which come in the path of rays.

• On what principle altimeter NOT WORK?

There are essentially two types of altimeters and altimeter altimeters radio. Pressure altimeters are aneroid barometer calibrated to indicate altitude instead of pressure. It is based on the principle the drop in air pressure with a gain in height. The capsules corrugated inside the box to grow with a gain in height. This Expansion is magnified with the aid of gears and levers to move the indicator on the dial. The average pressure in sea level is 1013.2 millibars or 29.92 inches of mercury is considered zero altitude and there is a decrease of 1 millibar for every 32 feet (approximately) the gain in height. The instrument is calibrated to show the loss / gain in pressure in terms of height gained or lost. Depending on the setting of pressure or a given instrument reads altitude (above MSL) or the absolute height above sea level (above ground level – AGL). A radio altimeter radar is an aid which is effective only 20 ft at 2500 m. It is mainly used as an alert system near the ground in mountainous terrain.

o WHAT ARE pseudo-halogen?

Pseudo-halogen groups are formed by combining two or more elements P block (in the periodic table) with a unit negative charge eg CN-(CN Minus) cyanide group a mixture of carbon and nitrogen with zero or positive charge. They are called pseudo-halogens where they form covalent compounds, complexes similar to halogen group elements of the 17th of the Periodic Table. They differ from halogen as they are capable of polymerizing unlike halogens and their complexes are paramagnetic.

• HOW DOES THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION TO MANAGE ITS WATER AND OXYGEN NEEDS?

The ISS's Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) assists in the management of water and oxygen for astronauts. The ECLSS Water Recycling System (WRS) collects wastewater from fuel cell of the shuttle, using urine, oral hygiene and hand washing, and condensing moisture from the air. Without careful recycling, like, 40,000 pounds per year of water on Earth would be required to supply a minimum of four crewmembers for the life of the station. The main source of oxygen is the electrolysis of water, followed by oxygen in a storage tank under pressure. Left on hydrogen Water splitting is dispersed in space. In ECLSS racks of equipment, there is a machine that combines hydrogen with carbon dioxide excess air in a chemical reaction that produces water and methane.

• HOW IS ZERO GRAVITY elaborated on earth?

Terms of weightlessness result in zero gravity and the body begins to float in a confined space. A term is more accurate in microgravity or reduced gravity C of the NASA-9B aircraft and Zero Gravity Corporation Boeing 727 modified to create these conditions by flying along, parabolic arcs. By changing the flight path, they are able to create different values of G-Force, and therefore different degrees of apparent severity. More people experiencing these conditions in preparation for space tourism, or adventure.

• WHAT Is the name of the tenth planet?

The tenth planet in the outer solar system was discovered recently. At present there is about 97 times farther from the Sun than Earth and is the farthest known object in the solar system. Mike Brown (California Institute of Technology) with colleagues Chad Trujillo (Gemini Observatory, Hawaii) and David Rabinowitz (Yale University) has discovered. It goes under the temporary name of 2003UB313, a new name was proposed to the International Astronomical Union.

• WHAT DO HAVE A CURRENT EFFECT ON THE OCEAN Earth's climate?

The ocean water and currents affect the climate. Because it takes much more energy to change the temperature of water than land or air, water warms and cools more slowly than either. Consequently, inland climates are subject to temperature ranges more extreme than coastal climates, which are insulated by nearby water. Layer Ocean, where surface currents move a lot of heat, absorbs more than half the heat that reaches the earth from the sun. Currents that originate near the equator are warm, flowing currents from the poles are cold.

• WHY DO stars twinkle at night?

Stars appear to twinkle or change their brightness all the time. In fact, most stars shine with a steady light. The movement of air (called sometimes turbulent) in the atmosphere of Earth causes the starlight to get slightly bent as it moves from the star distant through the atmosphere for us on the ground. Part of the light reaches us directly, but some are slightly bent. This gives the illusion blink of an eye. Stars near the horizon appear to twinkle more than others. Because the atmosphere is much denser near the horizon that between Earth and a star higher in the sky.

• HOW DO WE KNOW THE lives of millions kilometers PLANETS FROM U.S.?

Pluto-like planets in our outer solar system may be viewed and photographed by powerful optical telescopes. Distant extra-solar planets, many light years from our Sun, can be captured even by telescope resolution. Big planets orbiting a nearby star can be attracted by very low on the parent star. This causes a oscillation minutes in the rotation of the parent star can be detected by highly sensitive monitors spectroscope. The existence of the planet can be only indirectly visualized.

• How do astronauts COMMUNICATING IN SPACE?

• HOW IS ZERO GRAVITY simulated?

Simulated weightlessness while remaining within the gravitational pull of the earth is conducted in a manner similar to that of a man made by satellite. When a body moves in a circular path, it experiences centrifugal force acting on it. This force points radially outward and depends on both the speed and radius of the trajectory. Given this factor, if an airplane flies on a trajectory arc, then the passenger experience centrifugal force pointing away from Earth. At a certain speed, this force exactly balances the gravity, and passengers experience weightlessness or zero gravity.

• How satellites are at present rotating around the Earth?

Although nothing in the orbit of the Earth is technically a satellite, the term is generally used to describe a useful object placed in orbit purposely to perform a task or a specific task. Almost 23,000 items of space junk objects that were inadvertently placed in orbit or who have lost their usefulness are floating above Earth. The actual number varies depending on the agency is counting. Pay the expenses that go into orbit wrong, satellites with run-down batteries and boosters all remnants contribute to the count. This number is almost 26,000.

• WHY DO some people have 'Red Eye' On the photographs?

Light, usually from a flash camera, is the subject's eyes and reflected back into the lens. The red color from the color of the retina is lined with blood vessels. To avoid red-eye, the feedback channel of light should be discontinued. The most effective way is to use the light indirect or off camera, causing the reflection from the eye to deviate from "the objective ^. Another remedy is to reduce the pupil size the eyes of your subject, actually preventing the rebound syndrome. This is why some models of cameras fire one or more pre-flashes before taking a picture, the puffs are smaller for the eyes adjust to bright light, the decline in pupil size.

• What is the composition of sand?

1. The sand is a non-cohesive, granular material in bulk that comes from rocks due to attrition pieces of rock larger water or wind in favorable weather. The composition of sand depends on the bedrock, the most common minerals as silica and feldspar. Less common are iron minerals. Silica comes in the form of quartz and feldspar is composed of plagioclase. Mineral fragments are more rare and include Muscovite, chlorite, epidote, garnet and zircon. Some sand deposits May contain magnetite, glauconite or gypsum. Magnetite-rich sands, dark color, while the rich plaster has a green tint.

• WHAT IS THE ORIGIN WORD OF THE MONSOON?

The word monsoon comes from the Arabic word mausim, which means weather. Due to the annual appearance Torrential rains, which indicates a marked change in the weather, mausim gradually became the monsoon.

• WHAT ARE FULLERENES?

Fullerenes are one of the three allotropes element (even in two or more forms) of carbon. The other two are diamond and graphite. Scientists Kroto, Curl and Smalley discovered fullerenes at Rice University in September 1985. One of fullerenes – Buckminsterfullerene – consists of 60 carbon atoms linked together to form an almost spherical molecule C60 hexagons attached (20) and pentagons (12). Bonds have the same arrangement as the panels on a football. Fullerenes can be prepared by passing an electric discharge through the graphite rods in a helium atmosphere. We know now that a fullerene is likely to be formed in flames soot.

• WHAT IS Microlensing?

According to Einstein's theory of general relativity, light has mass. When light passes near a massive object, it is attracted to her and her direction changes to it. Therefore, when astronomical body is between the earth and another larger, more distant astronomical object, the light coming to earth of the body distant falls on the Earth because of gravitational attraction of the intermediate body This is somewhat similar to focusing the light the sun on a sheet of paper through a lens, and thus microlensing astronomical. Astronomers using microlenses in their search for new planets, and observe objects, low and distant neutron stars.

• WHAT WATER IS MEMORY? ,

Water is known for having the power of memory – if certain chemicals are dissolved in water and then completely eliminated by a process chemical, water in May while preserving certain properties of dissolved chemicals. Although this concept seems difficult to accept or understand the French scientist Jacques Benveniste claimed demonstrated. However, another scientist could ever duplicate that experience.

• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SECOND GENERATION AND THIRD GENERATION TECHNOLOGY?

The main difference between the second generation (2G) and third generation (3G) is data. 2G services were developed with most voice services in mind, but are able to provide relatively slow (14.4 kbps) data services, high speed. Most U.S. service providers offer data services, including limited access to the Internet wirelessly. For 3G data speeds are expected to be much higher, up 2 Mbps for fixed applications and 384 kbit / s for mobile applications. It will support advanced features, including streaming audio and video access remote database company, and a greater variety of entertainment and information services. 3G will also support a range of devices, including phones, PDAs and laptops.

• WHAT is the meaning of Red Rain?

Five years ago, the Scarlet precipitation was reported in a town called Chenganacherry in Kottayam district of Kerala. Scientific Research Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala has investigated this strange phenomenon and discovered that the rain contained cell-like particles, who say they are not Earth, but space. The scientists conjecture that a comet that exploded in the sky caused airburst that created the red rain

• WHY POWER HORSE is called so?

When the steam engine began to work horses in the mines in the early 1800s, the mine owners began to ask how of horses with a motor to replace. James Watt, who invented the steam engine, found a way to assimilate mathematical horse power motor. Thus, the power term was invented. Watt measured the ability of a great horse to pull a load, and found he could draw weighing 150-pounds while walking at 2.5 miles per hour. This figure is equivalent to 33,000 foot-pounds per minute or 550 foot-pounds per second.

• WHAT LIQUID OXYGEN IS USED?

• Who invented the ESCALATOR?

The mechanism Base F was an escalator. invented by Jess W Reno of "United States in 1881. It was used mainly for riding on wooden poles or iron rods on board vessels to attach ropes or belts to support the sails. Escalator Name 'has been applied to moving staircase in 1900and first shown at an exhibition in Paris. Charles Seeberger, with a company called Otis Elevator Company, was built the first commercial escalator.

• WHY IS NASA's Dawn mission important?

The Dawn mission is important because it will study Ceres and Vesta, two of the largest asteroids in our solar system in the belt between Mars and Jupiter. The probe is expected for launch in July 2007 and capture images of the surface of the asteroid and the probe composition, density and magnetism. The project was nearly scuttled because considerations of cost, but got a fresh lease of life recently

• HOW DOES THE Ground Proximity Warning System IN AN AIRCRAFT WORKING?

Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) is designed to alert pilots if their aircraft is in immediate danger of Hying in soil. Another name Common Ground is Collision Warning System. Don Bateman is credited with inventing GPWS. This system monitors the aircraft height above ground as determined by the radio altimeter. A computer monitor these readings, calculates trends and warns the captain with visual and audio messages if the aircraft exceeds certain thresholds, defined flying configurations also known as modes. The modes are: excessive descent rate, excessive. Rate of closure of land, loss of altitude after takeoff, terrain clearance, excessive risk, and the gap GlideScope below. Corrective measures are then taken.

• WHAT IS A PYROMETER?

A pyrometer, invented by Josiah Wedgwood, is an instrument that measures temperatures relatively high, like a furnace. Many pyrometers work by measuring body radiation whose temperature must be measured. There bottom is another device called the optical pyrometer. It measures the temperature of the luminous body in the visual comparison with an incandescent filament of known temperature. Another type is the resistance pyrometer in which a thin wire is in contact with the object and its temperature is determined by measuring its electrical resistance.

• What is white COAL?

White coal is a form of fuel produced by drying of timber on fire. It differs from what is charcoal charred white wood charcoal was used in England for the lead ore from smelt mid-16th century to late 17th. It produces more heat, but less than coal and thus prevents the evaporation of lead. White coal was produced in distinctive circular pits with a channel, known as Q-pits are frequently found in the woods 7f South Yorkshire.

• WHAT IS THE MEANING OF geostationary satellite?

A geostationary satellite, a satellite moving through space at the same speed and in the same direction as the earth. Consequently, its position is fixed with respect to any spot on earth.

• If the Sun is a star Why do not twinkle?

The sun is an ordinary star. There are stars many times larger than the sun. The stars you see a flash are so distant that their light takes thousands of years to reach us. Even the light from the nearest star, Proxima Centauri, takes about three to four years to reach us. The starlight seemed Twinkle because it comes through the draft is constantly moving around the earth. The sun never sets Twinkle because she is very close to us right away about 150 million kilometers.

• HOW DID THE OZONE LAYER exhausted?

The ozone layer is depleted due to substances chemicals released into the atmosphere by humans, particularly carbides chlorofluorocarbons used in industrial refrigeration and air conditioners.

• WHAT IS A TRANSDUCER?

A transducer is a device by engineers of the instrumentation transform a physical action in an equivalent electrical signal.

• WHAT is an exothermic reaction?

Exothermic is an adjective referring to a chemical change that accompanied the release of energy as heat.

• WHAT ARE THE CONIC SECTIONS?

In geometry, circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola and a pair of straight lines are called conic sections such as geometric entities can be obtained by cutting a cone.

• WHAT IS MARCODONTIA?

It is rare case of unusually large teeth found in otherwise normal person.

• WHAT RESIDUAL STRESS?

It is a metal stress on a microscopic scale, due to changes nonuniform thermal deformation plassic.

• WHAT Is a GM counter?

GM or Geiger-Mueller Counter is an instrument used in measuring radioactivity. It is a cylindrical structure filled with inert gas and a central wire maintained ultra-high voltage. The encroaching radiationionises inert gas and creates a shower by charged particles. This change can be electronic gadgets like a computer.

• FLOWER THAT IS KNOWN as the flower of the night?

The flower of a type of cactus called orchid cactus, (Epiphyllum oxypetallum), is known as the "flower of the night" or the "Queen of the Night." This cactus is native to Central and South America. It has what appears flat sheets, which are due in fact, where the flower blooms directly in Greek, "Epiphyllum" means "on the map. This cactus blossoms once a year, and the flower opens only for one night. When the flower blooms, it fills its surroundings with a strong odor, and hence the name.

• WHAT GODEPS theorem?

Originally Austrian American mathematician Kurt Godel proved that in a rigid mathematical logic, there are certain issues that can be neither proved nor disproved on the basis of the axioms of the system. Theorem of Godel essentially goes beyond the realm of.

• YOU KNOW THE MEANING OF chirality?

If the image mirror of a natural object is different from the object itself, the object is called chiral / objects. A perfect sphere is not chiral. The Scientists study the basic elements of matter to understand the fundamental reason for this striking property.

• IS YELLOW on the Yellow Sea?

The Yellow Sea is an arm of the Pacific Ocean, which extends inland for about 400 miles between the east coast of China and Korea. The Chinese called this area the Hal Huang (Yellow Sea) because the waters along the banks are a yellow color mud. The river carries Huang deposits of yellow earth (Huangtu) in the Yellow Sea, which gets its name as well.

• WHAT IS BLACK ON BLACK SEA?

The deep waters of the Black Sea is supposed to be darker than the water of a normal sea because the sea Black is rich concentration of micro-algae. In addition, the Black Sea has been well known in ancient times, perhaps because it was very stormy and therefore difficult to navigate. It was considered an inhospitable sea as barbarians occupied its banks. According to another theory, the Black Sea is called and because it is on the north side of the Mediterranean Sea in ancient times the color black has been used in the compass to indicate north.

• IT IS RED ON RED SEA?

The Red Sea is not actually red. The Red Sea, located between the African coast and Saudi Arabia, contains a type of algae called Trichodesmium eythraeum. As they die, their remains end up on the Ocean Floor. CHANGE THEIR COLOR reddish brown and gives the SEA of a "red".

• WHAT'S ABOUT THE SINGLE VEHICLE ORION?

Orion moonship is the news that NASA intends to develop. This was revealed when the astronaut American Jeff Williams inadvertently mentioned the name of the vehicle while recording a message for a Space Agency when float 354 km above the Earth in the International Space Station. It was accidentally sent into space to ground radio.

• WHAT PUFFER MACHINE?

A machine pump, officially called a portal for detecting traces of explosives, is a safety device that can detect explosives at airports and other sensitive installations. The machine works by releasing several puffs of air at a standing passenger through the machine. The breath of fresh air are felt by the passengers, but are not painful or otherwise harmful. The goal of the series of attacks air is free of microscopic particles in the air, like gunpowder or waste material for manufacturing bombs, which would then be detected by the machine. If such particles are suspected, the passenger may be retained for further screening. The process takes about 15 seconds.

• WHY IS THE PATH OF PLUTO unlike any other planets?

The peculiarity of the trajectory of Pluto is that both his eccentricity and inclination to the ecliptic, the plane approximation in which the orbits of other planets lie, are extremely high. Pluto was discovered only in 1930, astronomers have been unable to explain fully the particularity of its orbit. One hypothesis suggests that it was originally a moon of Neptune, and later somehow escaped the gravity of Neptune in 1978, when the moon of Pluto, Charon, was discovered, new theories have been proposed regarding the origin both Pluto and Charon. It is now believed that * both of them have been formed independently, but after a while there was a collision between Pluto and Charon original. Debris from this collision,

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