http://www.homemade-productions.com/black-ice-video-productions-website/
KASHMIR CENTRIC farm plans and VISIONS FOR FOOD SECURITY
KASHMIR VISION CENTRIC FOOD SAFETY
1, THE STORY OF CULTURE
By Prof. Dr. MOHYUDDIN WANI GHULAM
This series of our articles is Jammu and Kashmir agricultural development centered. There may be some repetition in any of our articles here and in other websites.It is designed for the state of Jammu and Kashmir, but may be of interest to the world also espacilly similar ecosystems.
INTRODUCTION
- higher productivity gains can be achieved by the application of technology and production recommendations to farmers on the ground. We have 65% of small and marginal farmers whose sensitizing potential low. The production system in place with these farmers is a mixed farming or composite. Unlike U.S. and European agriculture our need is to increase the "culture of possibilities" rather than production gains Comodity.
MIXED MODULES agricultural are OUR NEED
A mixed crop of University and Education has UPS is our necessity. We are currently our need to wander. Fast and prompt action is necessary to unify our educational system, the participation of all disciplines and Agriculture related industries, companies and institutions to farmers.
DAILY GREEN REVOLUTION
It should be noted that the Indian agricultural year pride in the post green revolution of 1968 saw the reduction of food imports and eventually win white, blue and other revolutions supported our population pressure and agricultural growth. Our agricultural growth rate must be equal, if not more, at the rate of population growth (PMP). Our goal should be AGR double the PGR. This is important because the rate of consumption, purchasing power and employment / income improve prospects.
FOOD GRAIN SECURITY
A food grain estimated at 210 million tons at present can be necessary to double in the next 10 years. We must achieve higher levels of productivity by vertical expansion as the expansion horizontal land is not possible. our target of 4 t / h of rice or wheat are self-sufficient Jammu and Kashmir, a basis of food security is necessary 5t/h.On average, we have 2-3 t / h of rice and wheat production is less in the state. The combination of vegetables, fruits and other pulses, we can be relatively better in future. Per capita consumption of foodgrains is a little more than the rest of the Indian state because of Frost, and more calories are needed.
Currently experimental PERFORMANCE
Under our experimental stage and even in experimental trails miniskirts our overall productivity in the ranks of rice between 5-6T / h, wheat 3-4 T / h, corn 3-5 t / h. The peak experimental production of 8-10 t / h Variety was reported.The other details have been reported Wani, 2007.and is also available on this site. Increased performance paddy, from 1947 to 2009 have been raised from 40 to 50 barrels a Kanal (i/8th an acre and the extent of land in J & K) to round a 350 to400 kg kanal.This achievement was possible through irrigation systems has assured the use of both biological and organic fertilizers chemicals. biological experiments carried out under our supervision in a project IVLP showed a higher production of 2 q / ha with a change a wooden plow iron plow called Shalimar plough.The use of farm yard manure and green both have reduced the use of chemical fertilizers and the increase productivity.Due less than 1/10th of the use of fertilizer than recommended or that used in the Punjab we are better off in Jammu and Kashmir especially at the terminal ends in the mountain can regions.We SWITCH directly to the farming of all nuts and forward with vegetables,
Crops
crops such as mushrooms, honey, dairy farming flouriculture, poultry and sheep for meat production have an enormous potential for development.The aquatic plants and forests and bushes and grasses naturally growm medicines have a market and economic trememdous viability.The bee keeping as polinizers and even around Dal, Wular and other lakes have huge potential production of honey is rich in iodine can reach exorbitant prices in the global market and can be used by the thyroid deficiency and patients with gout.
LOCAL DISEASE resistant genotype
A variety of vegetables that grow their own location in the forest bare and bunds and other nomame kand called nunar is rich in iron.Many other weeds growm car use as best vegetables and nutririve may be the best soil binders and Suppliers of organic, non-irrigated vegetation cover is now exposed in eroded lands outside fodder cock livestitritive and human and lack of nutritional support for nomaids tribials.There and a number of local genotype growth of their own in our dry, wetlands and swamp. Sequential DNA Mappling is necessary to know their culture and nutritious value.There potential and propagation must give readymade organic. sustianable and base low input and mapping security.The food reveal their properties and we can plan and propagate in such a model for laying thin cashmere goats was performed by the author with fruitful results for all pashmina industry, this attempt referred saved our valuable genetic heritage, the gene bank has been good while others are diluted with Russian and Mongolian race DON goats.The cross was stopped by the author and thus preserve the genetic heritage of our performance Special low, but giat diameter Cross breeding.Similar attempts to conserve and preserve local vegetables, rice, nuts and ffruit gene pools mfishmanimal must be maintained and improved by the use of biotechnology.
seed multiplication
We have developed many disease resistant and high yielding varieties in paddy research center on the rice seed multiplication is slow and has Khodwani.The need a good central state, the ICAR-skuast convergence, which has not been forthcoming for problems with the political decision of the apex level.A must be made to use the provision of agricultural and allied graduates raise public-private seed partnership banks.We fashion necessity 10,000 quintals of rice seed used only by annum.We all available land in our system KVK, but are hardly able to produce hundreds of quintals rice to the association and public-private partnership seed.The too resulted in a marginal solution that increase.The important to provide farmland seed is the path of flooding is available for two of three years, the IRS is a proposal yet to be tried in the state.Alternatively let us use these channels to flood and using the unemployed graduates to harness agricultural seed revolutions in the State of Jammu and Kashmir.The only risk of flooding is a After five years, which may be supported by profits or insurance coverage available for such planning ventures.A judicious cutting may even prevent risks as well.
Planning at national level
. Similarly the production of 100 million tonnes of wheat from 25 million hectares needed a 4t/hac.Jammu-et-Cachemire productivity is 1 / 100 th of the country, so we need one million tonnes of wheat and rice to feed our population each crore. Our population growth is slower than the rest of the states. Purchasing power is better than the average farmer or person in India. We aim our to double our productivity per hectare needs more technical manpower in extension, industry and gross root level. Disasters climate, earthquakes, tsunami Titanic, floods have affected our agricultural production in the past and the additional requirements must be taken into account when planning for food security. We need to increase spending per capita consumption of Rs 600 per month. We must fill discrepancies between actual and potential yields in farmers. The dangers of agricultural chemicals in soils with low fertility, low availability water pollution and environmental concerns impede our development farm. Thus, the technical sophistication, participatory research and training modules are needed. The new pressures of global marketing. global trade rules and the tariff must be reconciled. All this will incorporate new themes such as post-harvest management, value added, packaging, communication and credit and market information services in our programs courses. Thus, a new multidimensional academic curriculum change is planned.
"We feel proud to call ourselves as the second largest agricultural Research Systems (ARS) in the world. When we review our performance, we're nowhere among the top ten of most cited publications Agriculture worldwide. The United States tops the world list with 3, 62, 79842 City of publication / year, with small countries like Switzerland at No. 10. The scientific production in Agriculture is the highest in the U.S. with 27 lakh publication / year, followed by Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Canada, Italy, Russia, China and Australia. Our contribution to the publication Agriculture is 5.48% only with us for a quote to 2.32%. This requires more emphasis on Quality Assurance. Our main program must be of quality, accreditation, wanted to know, assessment, skills and acquisition skills and academic audit. Quality assurance means to consolidate resources, information and infrastructure maintenance education. We therefore need to regulate the relations and grants Downtown rational state, "said a group of experts associated with the author this report.
ICAR grant system
We have central agricultural universities and 200 general universities, with 48 faculties of agriculture. The disciplines that require total subsidies may be increased in 5 years by grants 1Cor each insurance sector quality. We produce 10,000 under graduate, post graduates 5500 and 1600 PhD in agriculture every year. They add to the pool of unemployment. To make the self-employed in new enterprises and employment has increased, they need to strengthen skills in the global economy and trade policies. Biotechnology, Bio Information, Bio fertilizers, pesticides and fungicides. Development of new faculty in all universities and colleges must be executed within the next 5 years. Such as information and pest survey, management analysis, decision support and geographic information system. A new trust must be given to the integration of curriculum practices in the field partnership mode with farmers. A teacher-student-farmer-industry, interaction and cooperation should be integrated, unified and refined at the end results. This requires the harmony between faculty and others and the synchronization of the curricula at UG, PG and PhD. It must be refined for our needs on the ground and the location guide agricultural extension operates in the world and much emphasis is now on community outreach mechanisms to bring about lasting change. The factors that make groups of farmers managed to disseminate information and technologies need detailed analysis. A mixed methodology, multi-stage approach is used to obtain data.
KASHMIR VISION CENTRIC FOOD SAFETY
SERIES 2
TECHNOLOGY-based farming
BY PROF WANI GHULAM MOHYUDDIN
In addition, we must use more technology-based culture system to increase the productivity of plots. horizontal expansion is not possible. Ban on use indiscriminate chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other agricultural use-agent is another constraint to increase the productivity of cereals food. Unfortunately our food grain production has dropped the pace. The growth rate of 1-2% has put pressure on our economy. Cereal imports food, an anomaly in the last decade, the needs problem-cause-analysis. The whole system of national agricultural research, extension and officials on the ground showed fatigue. Similarly, land degradation, depletion of mineral machinery and new pollution requirements environment to boost productivity.
SAMET
"State Agriculture and Extension Management Training Institute can help make adjustments to our operating system to integrate agriculture, for-profit companies aquaculture, conservation Water and livestock with the new engine technology gain. This requires a continuation of policies favorable to farmers and agriculture sustainable. Technology awareness and the application is bound to produce more of the unity of the earth. We are fortunate that our yields are lower those of many countries and even our neighbors India ", said a group of individual knowledge of valley of Kashmir.
ORGANIC FARMING
Organic farming is promoted as modern technology. We left our traditional agriculture to adopt organic farming chemical, which has landed us in difficulty. This rotation of modernity and traditional we heavily taxed. We may be jumped in the adoption or testing technologies without comparing them with our own practices. Now back to our own traditional ways is fraught with problems too. Questions are often asked, can we maintain or even maintain our level of productivity by making organic farming? The mixture of modern technology today and traditional technology of years past can answer this question. information and communication skills and technology bridge a new union?
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
This Day information and communication technology has encroached all barriers of race, religion, culture and country. A thorough examination of 23 documents and a dozen books and journals have been presented by the author 2005. How can communication and information can help support production yields and is discussed in detail. warning systems for high climate risks, floods and cyclones, pests and mites can help raise awareness among cultures. Agriculture Computer and awareness in the press, mass emails and now is possible. The role of a competitive agriculture, economic study and evaluation of agriculture and the integration of women in need of attention. The women, half of the agricultural labor force, still unaware of the skills technology. The barriers of customs, the veil, religious and social bondage could be overcome by educating them on television, tapes, e-mail or other modern communication devices.
Transfer TECHNOLOGY
Technology transfer is easy. We can share technology or even practices to demonstrate. The key issue is its adoption. India with 25% of its GDP from agriculture spends about 2% of its grants on the same rather on the transfer of technology. Combining agricultural export subsidies will have to reduce drastically the framework of WTO agreements. The limit of global market access during the import of 3% is further complicated matters. The international standards of sanitation is necessary to sensitize more at the door of the farmer. Our agricultural exports of agricultural products has been far and we export almost 18.45% in EPS the form of beekeeping, floriculture, fresh fruits, mushrooms, spices, sugar, molasses, rice, tropical fruit juices, pulp, concentrates and even agro-chemicals. Fruits and vegetables have increased our export earnings. Our limitations in the expansion of our exports are to provide infrastructure international packing bio-safety, sanitation and plant quarantine measures. Our yields are too low to finish with others. Thus transfer of technology should not be limited to methods man, publishing, brochures, flyers, newsletters, newspapers, magazines, publishing interviews in newspapers, agricultural emissions in rural or television, but must be supplemented by video conference, through campaigns mass awareness videotapes, cable net works and other local agricultural television. Propaganda, advertising and persuasion should be provided with communication skills such as journalism rural, popular participation, motivation and more with management information systems. The farm visits, farmers' calls, letters must be intensified. Farmers need information markets, organic standards and marketing research and mechanisms for networking.
Apple is an important crop in the main J & K State. Status 10414017 produced 100,702 tons of potato acres of orchard in 2005-2006. The state contributes 57% of the national production of apples, while Himachal Pradesh contributes 24% although it has received considerable attention government. The state produces early, mid and late season apple cultivation. The commercial apple varieties are Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Ambri, white dots are red, royal delicious Delicious Kulu, Hazratbal, Benoni.
Technique Harvest POST
postharvest handling of apples wrapped management decisions and many processes that are involved in harvesting, handling, storage, packaging and transportation of apples needed to provide consumers with an acceptable level and product. The characteristics of the apple determine its acceptance in the market place is the size, shape, color, texture, flavor, juiciness, freedom from blemishes and bruises. Good export-oriented packaging, health and environmental assessment is to improve the acceptability of consumers under WTO.
With regard to the walnut, we can say that this is an important nut crop grown in the state J & K. The state produced 86,263 tons of nuts in an area of 61,723 ha with productivity of 1.39 tonnes / ha and has a monopoly on export many countries of the world. Walnut cultivation is common in Badarwah, Poonch, Kupwara, Baramulla, Bandipora, Ganderbal, Budgam, Srinagar, Anantnag and other regions mountainous J & K. Walnut eaten as snacks luxury and commercially used for the preparation of baked goods, chocolates, cream ice, ornaments, oils, confectionery and salad. Shells continued in the glue and plastics and for manufacturing solutions for cleaning and polishing surfaces.
But there are constraints in the nut trade, which must be addressed.
- This including awareness of maturity indices, harvesting method and non-scientists shelling. Besides, there are bottlenecks after harvest, as improper storage, drying, grading to agricultural practices. Lack of awareness on health conditions to treat nuts and lack of integrated processing system to manage the nuts. Non-adoption of international standards for grades and the lack of treatment facilities storage / / orchard management.
Worth mentioning that the cherry is another important fruit crop of the valley, which is marketed outside the state. In the cherry Kashmir is the first fruit crop that comes on the market and fetches a good price. Fruit quality is good in cold climates. Cherries after harvest must be pre-cooled, stored and transported in packaged refrigerated conditions to the terminal market. The transportation of fruit in terms chilled stay healthy for an extended period, compared to fruit stored in ambient conditions. Storage, packaging, transport and conservation are needed locally.
The export of fruit
For the export of horticultural products, we must integrate the activities production to post-harvest management. The infrastructure of pre-cooling, packaging, grading, treatment centers, refrigerated vans, cold cargo handling facility at the airport, the laboratory analysis of pesticide residues, good road connectivity, market promotion through the computer network, the credit facility to exporters and awareness programs are essential prerequisites for export horticultural products of the state."The main problems in horticulture to be poor quality planting material and its mechanization inspection. diagnostic devices and low disease poor orchard management. Weak capital-poor smallholder farmers and farm technological applications. Besides handling post-harvest poor industrial base and poor quality control measures and laboratories. modernization of network marketing database and poor and electronic use. Therefore, new options such as the basic genetic material, analysis, collection of materials across the state are necessary. Besides the normalization of rootstock for all major crops, the development of systems for horticultural crops all districts and certification of laboratories and quality control need attention, "say people in connection with the business of horticulture.
horticulture
As mentioned previously, the main contributor to J & K GDP is horticulture and horticulture worldwide market share for India is about 15%. We dominate the market in Sri Lanka, Maldives, Nepal and Bangladesh. Our share is relatively less in countries like Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Israel, Kuwait, Pakistan, Oman and Brunei. But with the strengthening of trade within SAARC countries, we can have more opportunities for expansion in the domestic markets of Asia. Thus, confidence towards the direction of horticultural exports is linked to peace and unity among the SAARC countries. We share cultural, religious and dietary habits, and our products may be preferred over others. This needs proper post-harvest and market expansion leads and information system. Given adequate attention, we can capture markets of Japan, Hong Kong, China and other countries. For a more dynamic development of horticulture in J & K State, it is necessary to focus on the development of marketing facilities, employment and income generation options and the establishment of export promotion zones.
In order to stimulate exports, the thrust should be given to the strawberry mushrooms and cumin seeds, berries, fruits and vegetables native wildlife. The local horticultural germplasm survey and projected needs innovation. As local genetic material is well suited for our environment requires less water. The options for new markets organic fruit products in J & K need priorities and certification under the WTO rules. International biosecurity measures, grading and packaging of fruits available, launching for the development of new varieties of fruits like kiwi, wild apricot, black cherry, broccoli and mushrooms are the means proposed for the development of this sector. The options for air transportation, cargo from Leh, Srinagar and Jammu for consumption centers like Delhi, Chandigarh and exploration needed Mumbai. Agro-industrial set-ups using low quality apples for juice, shampoo, biofuels and the use of available waste and horticultural products marketed in gift boxes, perfumes, ornamental plants, flowers, dehydrated, perfumes and bio-fuels.
It is reported that the horticultural planning and marketing for J & K has established fruit and vegetable markets within the state. The ministry is to strengthen the three main markets of operation Nowpora (Sopore), Parimpora (Srinagar) and Narwal (Jammu). Until now, classification, versatile packaging and auction warehouses were built Nowpora Sopore. Other 17 satellites markets were established in the State. market information service was established to collect and disseminate information Trade with connectivity NET inside and outside the state. It is further reported that regular New Agricultural Marketing Zariye Khabernama was launched in Kashmir is Darshan.
Worth mentioning that most fruit crops are rainfed development must irrigation system in the form of drip irrigation sprinkler /. Technical Site Management of specific nutrients should be taken to improve and economize the use of fertilizers in crops fruit and vegetables.
Strategies must be evolved for the development of cost-effectiveness, friendly farming environmental and plant protection technologies free from all hazardous chemicals with minimal damage to soil, water, air, plants and animals. In addition to the diversification of fruit trees, the cultivation of nuts in rainfed areas is need of the hour. The use of genotypes local wild fruits such as nuts, berries etc. are great help.
"It is necessary for the production of fruits, vegetables and flowers in season-cons and the creation of facilities for the manufacture of cons-season it. Rejuvenation units horticulture sick and unproductive, as orchards, nurseries and fruit processing units, etc. to promote and popularize hybrid technology, in vegetables and the establishment tissue culture laboratory equipment and greenhouses for the mass propagation of disease free planting, tubers / bulbs and seeds. degraded soils fruit crops, where crops are growing for decades because of soil erosion or a chemical modification of the soil must be given attention for improvement. Especially development of fruit and vegetables modernized units / conservation. Infrastructure facilities are necessary the post-harvest management of horticulture industry in J & K State ", experts suggest.
The lack of technical knowledge, lack of soil seed testing, the high cost of fertilizers delayed development of agriculture / horticulture
This is why people urge Govt., Launch an awareness program for farmers, providing them with subsidized fertilizer and irrigation facilities to boost production of J & K
KASHMIR VISION CENTRIC FOOD SAFETY
3. GLOBAL VILLAGE AGRICULTURE
The world shrunk into a global village and that these technological developments taking place in all advanced countries are known instantly, helping others country like ours to adopt and follow their techniques to keep up. One such country is Israel, which is characterized by variations in topography and a wide range of soils, allowing the cultivation and breeding a variety of crops and animals. A sharp increase in population immediately after 1948 requires a rapid increase in food production, followed by the development of research and extension services. In recent years, Israel, Like many other countries, has experienced difficulties in the continued provision of services it previously provided. This difficulty has led agricultural organizations begin to assume responsibility for financing in part the expansion in recent years, and later try to take into account the cost to farmers. The Farmers are apparently willing to pay for farm extension visits. In this system, the Council of flowers is funding numerous outreach public and charging the farmer for the partial costs for farm visits. This system works successfully, by using reports are filed electronically by officers across Israel to the Office of the floriculture department head, and since the Council seat flowers. Advantages of the new system is a tremendous increase in the commitment of the agent to farmer, the professional staff is at least the same as before, and the financial situation of the majority of agents is better than before. The disadvantage is that some farmers are consuming less extensive than in the past.
Similarly, the program of land grant in California was able to extend help develop agricultural industries as a major world producers. Extension has been a leader in facilitating the quality of the state. However, the population explosion California has turned into an urban state, with the evolution of society issues, values and priorities. agricultural extension programs continue to serve as a direct reduction in the number of customers who represent less than 1.5% of the population. The financial support of the extension is down to country and state levels, and these models we use in the UAA could be catastrophic and the required change.
Wherever sector horticulture is concerned, Iran has market leader in this field and is one of the top ten world producers of horticulture. However, postharvest losses in Iran are six times higher than the global average. Even after the establishment of an agricultural extension service, Iran still experiences problems in reducing postharvest losses. The results showed that the possession of educational materials, contact with mass media exposure extension, scientific orientation and preference for risk were significantly and positively correlated with the level of farmers' knowledge of pre-and post training. His model can be adopted after an attempt to contain losses after harvest, so that the potential of horticulture can be exploited and harnessed to improve our economy in J & K State.
"We have to remember that agricultural development programs often produce unexpected results as we have learned about the history of sheet several countries. This can be attributed to the fact that farmers have already targeted their own knowledge and skills that shape their practices. To improve their knowledge, it would be appropriate to adopt models of these countries, which have won laurels in various sectors of agriculture. Ours being an agricultural economy based on, if this sector should be granted because of pressure, especially after failing to revolutionize industry in the valley of Kashmir, "proposed a group of Watchers acute valley of Kashmir.
From the study of advanced countries the world, he emanated the attitudes of farmers were significantly and positively related to education, membership the organization, real estate, contact extension agent, the mass media exposure, socioeconomic status, education, income and material possessions. The lack of technical knowledge, lack of irrigation facilities and high cost of fertilizers / Chemicals may be retarding factors in order to reduce the level of production of agricultural products. Therefore, we must focus on the adoption models leading agricultural country in the world, so that the methods are trivial discarded and basic agricultural revolution to become sensitive to our current needs and future in J & K.
Experts suggest the replacement of the planning down to the grass roots planning, improved seeds and broad participation of farmers
With the launch of Grow More Food slogan, we have witnessed the revolution Green, freedom from hunger, but adversely affected environment. We must seek other options for conducting the research and development of databases formulations for patent. We need to replace top-down planning in the planning of the grass roots. And the more the farmer participation reduction risk. Research in the past, the gallop of improved seeds, irrigation and chemical use.
extension, dissemination of information farmers must be the primary concern of public and private planners. Viewers must crow flies be replaced by teachers and visionary professionals.
agriculture and farm Farmer are the leading scientists. Pursuit invests an amount at least equivalent to that topic should be devoted to the health or nuclear facilities. Our political system must be independent and self-conscious farmers, with record annual sales, gains and losses, the risks and benefits.
We have to make autonomous proud farmers trained and versed in the agro-industry. Agriculture concepts and international recommendations on phytosanitary and zoo-regulation. We need to stop WTO restrictions or options until our agriculture and farmers are not entirely based on knowledge and economic resources to cope with competition in world agricultural.
Four paradigms of agricultural extension is composed of technology transfer, which has prevailed since the time colonial and post-National Agricultural Extension Project (NAEP), revised 1970-80 as training and system access across Asia. It was top-down approach. Its role must be discussed. The second paradigm called advisory work is what this extension system, where government agencies, NGOs and technical industries to meet the demands of the farmers we call advisory role. The third paradigm is made Development of human resources. This innovation has helped Europe and North America. The universities have provided training to rural youth. It is these studies, trained youth who became the future farmers in developed countries. What is known as a college information system and universities is still unknown in our agricultural research system, including state universities Agriculture. Half an attempt to heart as agro-business and Agri-clinics must still be supported at the University, research, banking and economic support. Is it that can help us increase productivity in India or Asia should be considered?
We must remember that the impact of the National Agricultural Research Project (NARP) (1986-92) revealed that the technologies generated were rare and the rate of adoption is not high, even in this case a monetary benefit Estimated R. 2000 / ha and has been observed. weak relationship between the technologies developed and adopted a mixed agricultural technological capsule 65% our farmers, our small farmers are marginal farmers. This requires a total change in our methodology to the left extension. T & V Program launched with the help of the central government in all have around the technology awareness among agricultural experts. The dialogue and transfer of technology from the University (Scientists) to workers in agricultural extension experts has been almost total revolution. The Zarec () Zonal Agricultural Advisory Board research and extension farm was the best plate to discuss major issues that hinder agricultural development. Advertising production recommendations missionary helps a lot in the transfer of technology. The presentation of the recommendations of production in the local language is useful for increasing productivity in many countries.
"Production Brinjal adoption of technology in Parbani, Maharashtra was the result of social participation, to ensure risk management, guidance marketing, information websites and communications. Various transport limitation of extension staff, has been the reasons for poor productivity gains in the agency Malakhand Pakistan. The adoption of production technologies legumes under arid conditions of Jodhpur was low. Problems such indicated by farmers are small farm. yeoman farmer was less interested in adopting these technologies. Non-existence of market and pricing policy, risk of failure, dietary habits, social taboo and the lack of post-harvest technology (PHT) have been identified. support appropriate advice or information was the main obstacle to 60.8% rate of non-adoption among farmers. Other contributing factors are technological ignorance (13.33%), land sloppy (11.31%), the cost of agricultural inputs (9.41%), non-availability of irrigation (8.29%) and lack of inputs (7.95%), said some experts. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….( To be continued).
Agriculture become less profitable
The adoption of improved varieties and use biotechnology to make agriculture more attractive should be our top agenda.
We in developing countries will in future industrial expansion for more security economy. This means fewer people attracted by agriculture or agriculture in other words less and less profitable. We need improved varieties, their rapid spread through the use of biotechnology. We may have some options not to use modern Bio.
That's where we are now talking about molecular farming, the use of biotechnology for more GM crops animals, aquaculture and floriculture trade.
In addition to the analytical methods of farming system, options for development And the technology environmentally sustainable agricultural sciences are needed now. We have subject-specialists, but the agents to assess the effect combined discipline focused on various cover the technology is not yet structured. This is exactly where we should intervene and restructures discipline, programs and outreach divisions in the country. In fact, a total change of the slow current, low innovative, conventional disintegrated and extension system should be refined analytical, management mental, social, economic, marketable system, so that any transfer of technology could be evaluated in terms of productivity and combinations must be evaluated and monitored. Analysis impact of the range of agricultural technology transfer will be there training, entrepreneurship or enterprise is required agric, before and after the application of technology.
A survey of 120 farmers in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, India, revealed that education, social participation, the scientific orientation, risk management, mass media exposure, economic and market orientation were positively and significantly correlated to the extent of adoption recommended hybrid jowar (sorghum) practices of seed by farmers. The majority of farmers (43.33%) had an average level of adoption of recommended practices. (Kumar et al, 2005). It is suggested that five categories of factors that determine the adoption of irrigation systems and are key to designing relevant, effective innovative programs and expansion of irrigation in horticulture. The five categories of plants were soil type and topography, the quality crops, planting time, water conservation and crop yield (Kaine and Beswell, 2005). We in J & K under SREP Strategic Plan extension of the research review districts lack information about the time of sowing, seed rate and fertilizer in almost all cultures.
"The available research results have to drill farmers with agricultural practices. Nonadoption is the result of our low level productivity per unit of land. Inspire significant yield gains, the per unit profitability has not raised the economic situation of our farmers. Our agricultural economy always fluctuates between years rainy season between regions. Now, for any agricultural technology widespread rain, it is essential to understand its impact and its rate of adaptability. It is therefore necessary to develop new technology after considering socio-organizational arrangements, existing local soil, water, human needs and resources. Local expertise must be known and refinement is done to improve profitability. Our experience has shown productivity gains in IVLP net 2 / hac rice production by improving local village led plow. Similar ideas and local technologies with improved or exotic ones gave good results in the development agriculture profitable, says some knowledgeable people of Kashmir valley.
That is why citizens of conscience suggest that improved varieties and adoption of new technologies should be adopted to revolutionize agricultural production to attract farmers, Who can get attracted by the rapid industrial expansion to earn dollars. This is not the question of monetary considerations, but the level of production agriculture to ensure food security.
Low production is attributed to agricultural fertilizers untested economic constraints and lack of advanced
Therefore, the application of precision agriculture needs to be clubbed with information and communication networks to increase productivity in J & K
In Kenya, the use of information and technology Advanced Communications reduce crop yield differences between research and agricultural fields of the farmer. It is the country where the population 70% is related to agriculture for livelihood, directly or indirectly and 80% of its export-oriented agriculture. Reduction of yield spreads through the effective use of information and communications will have a significant impact.
But this idea is proved by the low productivity in soybeans, which proved to be due to the partial adoption of recommendations by the production of farmers in Maharashtra. The factors of low performance were analyzed. Economic constraints, the situation factors and communication gaps on agricultural production, protection, treatment of seeds and fertilizers have been found responsible. The modernization of agricultural production and rural development on a pilot basis could have worked well.
It was found that precision agriculture to date has focused on collecting data for site-specific soil and crop management. Technologies for field operations and site-specific automated registration data are available, precision farming but rarely involves improvement. The application of precision farming is to be clubbed Information and communication networks to reap the gains and improve productivity. This network can consist of an open software platform, which can be exploited by the farmer himself. Effective communication for Internet and mobile telecommunication have been identified as important. The development of a network of information and communication incorporating modern software and hardware technologies in new user-friendly manner is necessary to achieve a better acceptance of technologies and improving productivity.
It should be noted that the center Australian remote sensing (acres) has introduced a new service to provide satellite data for applications in real time. The STAR (Speedy Transmission after Reception) service provides access to digital satellite data products at full resolution or compressed format within 12 hours of satellite overpass. The data obtained from ground stations is processed at a facility via a communication link high speed procession and high priority. This system provides satellite data on critical applications, such as modeling of crop yield prediction Pre-harvest crop production, crop disease detection, monitoring of crop stress, pest infestations, floods, fires and tidal black. SPOT-end is a low cost, off-the product of retention of data from satellite acres that is ideal for use in the information system (GIS). SPOT-life can be accessed anytime via Internet and is available in the form of tiles covering most of Australia. Preliminary studies with applications to high increase agricultural production needs for rapid dissemination. The effect of rooting zone restriction (RZR) on growth vegetative and fruit tree propagation by grapes, peaches and citrus fruits was investigated. We know that improving productivity of crops under low water availability.
"The means of communication available to agricultural information in 15 states India have been studied. The results suggest that although communication networks opens the agricultural economy, it is uneconomic. The networking of communication should become profitable. An attempt to have better communication between different divisions of the Forest Research and other organizations interested in sustainable forestry has shown encouraging results. An attempt was made to have the flow Quick information between and among researchers, extension workers and dairy farmers in East Azerbaijan. The entry of information, production and communication systems have been studied. The information like the advertising, public relations and personal selling has been found be the best developers, "said a group of knowledgeable people in the Kashmir valley.
In the "Unique Selling" approach the target communicator effects, the impact of the integrated approach using computers in agricultural information dissemination in Greece and Poland was studied. The gap in technology known and applied in the field of farmers has been found. Researchers have no training in the use of new information technologies. Thus, the improvement of agricultural productivity must keep pace with advances communication and information technology using computers. Therefore, the application of precision agriculture should be clubbed with information and communication networks to increase productivity in J & K
China, Denmark and other countries have made remarkable progress in the field of agriculture, animal husbandry
Experts therefore suggest to copy their models to gain experience and improve our socio-economic conditions in J & K
To improve our socio-economic we need to undertake studies in other countries of the world to see how they come to market. Chinese needs to try to improve their effective sheep and herds of yaks can be a good example for use in India. Under this project, they first took stock of flocks and herds and resources. Then, the socio-economic impacts of livestock have been analyzed. Livestock and Range Management by rodents has been studied. elicitation methods courses have been tested and propagated. forage sown and the effects of these improved methods of development pasture on the fight against disease and the benefits from livestock were analyzed. Thus, the extension education programs should ensure the facilitation of farmer empowerment and not dependency grants. This means the integration of studies and programs Economic agro-livestock, grassland and rangeland management, crop and tree production in Agri-extension programs.
Similarly, a new approach to local participation and clubbing outside knowledge to solve the problem of agriculture is necessary. Innovate approaches to conservation soil and water in Ethiopia and Tanzania has been helpful. A new model of change in the specific technology development approach is first to be recognized as the only means of clubbing traditional and modern technologies for agric development.
The Dutch model for reform Total agricultural technology transfer is necessary the development of basic methods used in the extension consists of PRA, PERT or other specific management, communication and modern-use Geographic Information System. This would imply a total change in the extension of education, the objectives, methodology and curriculum. We need agricultural networks to highlight the results of transferable technologies. experiential learning and sharing knowledge should be incorporated, as the field research for farmers. Farmers must be part of our learning and experimentation process. Dutch model could be used. In India to ensure the use technology quickly. Let us evaluate the use of technology. He saw that some progressive farmers are aware of the technology, but farmers are absent, the workers have no knowledge or skills to use in the field. It is time to leave "scenario dissemination of technology" "Using technology situation in the field" and "productivity valuation models gain."
"Besides the learning experience of market structures, agricultural economics, sustainable agriculture, agro-information, skills communication and farm business is the knowledge base available to agricultural extension and communication experts, we should name "FBM" – "Experts in agricultural business management," Suggest a group of experts from the Kashmir Valley.
The extension is obsolete and too often used and misunderstood phrase. Extension now includes all attempts to communicate with farmers. Today, extension agencies may be academic researchers, subject specialists, experts Agri, Agri farmers or even partially known NGOs or their agents. Thus, while blame of others must be shared by experts from the University. Agri-University, applied knowledge must be communicated to farmers as "finished product" that pharmaceutical companies do. Thus, every block course of construction, "knowledge must be known computerized and stored. It must be redesigned and reorganized as packages of knowledge for innovation and capsules whole rather than an agricultural commodity as the sharing of knowledge in the West. We commodity, but not agriculture composite packages. A brochure on its effects composite was published as a broad-based outreach. Training and visits to the farm level has failed, but the farmer training and farmer participation and research or field demonstrations of farmers have achieved a great success. With the constraints of men and resources and crop insurance popular, we encourage researchers to have direct participatory research at the door of the farmer in their fields. This risk can be shared cost base or participatory involvement of Industry.
Our agricultural economy still depends on the rains failed to provide facilities irrigation and technology does not save
New strategies and our missions
Hence the development of requires people to Canal networks and the adoption of Chinese model for improving food production in J & K
Methodologies for the analysis operating system, options for sustainable development and green technology agricultural sciences are the needs of the hour. We have subject-specialists, but the agents to assess the combined effect of technology-based discipline covers a variety is not yet structured. Is exactly where we should intervene and restructure the discipline, programs and divisions of the extension education in the country. In fact, a total change of the action Slow existing low innovative conventional and disintegrated extension system must be refined analytical, management, social economic system, market, so that the transfer of any technology could be evaluated in terms of productivity and combinations must be evaluated and monitored. The impact assessment of the scale range of agricultural technology transfer either training, entrepreneurship and agribusiness is necessary, both before and after application of technology.
The available research results for farmers to practice drill farm. Non-adoption is the result of our low level of productivity per unit of land. Inspire considerable efficiency gains per unit of return has not raise the economic conditions of our farmers. Our agricultural economy always fluctuates between seasons, wet years and between regions. Now Widespread rains for any technology, it is essential to know its impact rate and adaptability. It is therefore necessary to develop new technology after examining the socio-organizational arrangements, local existing soil, water, human needs and resources. The local Skills must be known and refinement to improve profitability.
"The Chinese experiments need to try it in our conditions Socio-economic. In addition to the successful improvement of sheep and herds of yaks in China can be a good example for use in our country in general and J & K in particular. Under this project they first took stock of range land and livestock resources. Second, socio-economic conditions of farmers cattle were analyzed. Livestock and pasture management by rodents has been studied. elicitation methods course tested and propagated. forage sown and the effects of these improved methods of pasture development on the fight against disease and profits from livestock were analyzed. Thus, the extension education programs should ensure the facilitation of empowerment of farmers and non-dependence on subsidies. This means the integration of education and conservation programs agro-livestock, grasslands and pasture management, crop and tree production in Agri-extension programs ", suggested some leading experts in the valley Kashmir.
A new approach to clubbing participating local knowledge and outside to solve the problem of agriculture is necessary. Innovate approaches to conservation of soil and water in Ethiopia and Tanzania have been useful. A new model of development approach specifically modified Technology is first to be recognized as the only means of clubbing traditional and modern technologies for agric development. Total reform transfer of agricultural technology development is needed of basic methods used in the extension consists of PRA, PERT or other specific management, communication and modern-use Geographic Information System. This would imply a total change in the spread of education, objectives, methodology and curriculum. We need agricultural networks to highlight the results transferable technologies. Learning Experimental and sharing of knowledge must be incorporated, as the field research for farmers. Farmers must be part of our learning and process of experimentation. Dutch model could be used in India to ensure the use of technology fast. Let us evaluate the use of technology. He saw that some progressive farmers have awareness of the technology, but being absent farmers, their workers have no knowledge or skills to use in the field.
Small farmers are neglected by extension services and the need for good education. Agricultural extension specialists must specialize in community structure, development, education learning tools, technology and policy issues. Thus, these subjects or topics are incorporated in agricultural management program. partnership process, management and communication must be the main focus. cooperation mechanism, tools and farm business management assessment and monitoring must be used.
But for revolutionizing our agricultural economy, the growing demand of people of Canal networks and the adoption of the latest models for improving food production in J & K. Our irrigation system has not responded to our demands despite huge pumping sums of money in this sector. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a scientific system of irrigation to reduce dependence on rain and share experiences of other advanced countries, especially China to boost food production in J & K State.
About the Author
ATXS Snowskating Video 1